Student Athletes Should Not Be Paid Essay -- College Sports

Student Athletes Should Not Be Paid In the world of college athletics there are endless topics discussed daily and most pertain to money. An issue that falls under this category includes the heated debate involving whether or not student athletes should receive money. Many people say student athletes should receive compensation according to their specific needs because they spend so much time earning their scholarship and have no time to work. On the other hand, the stronger argument is student athletes should not be able to acquire additional funds in order to help aid them through college. An athlete knows what he or she is involving themselves in before any money issue is even brought up. Signing a letter of intent shows that they understand this. But people still feel the opportunity to work a job while competing in a sport is virtually non existent in a division one atmosphere, and therefore athletes need money. When looking at all angles, those that feel athletes should be paid usually have the same arguments. They think because athletes have minimal free time and a lot of the school’s revenue is produced by them, this qualifies athletes to a portion of money. For instance, football and men’s basketball have proven over the years to make the most money for most universities. In fact â€Å"Since 1965, the NCAA increased its revenue by 8000 percent and CBS signed a contract through the year, 2002, for $72 million to cover the NCAA tournament. (â€Å"For Years† par. 5) With these kinds of numbers produced by college athletes many suggest they need to receive a little back. It’s a reasonable thought since athletes are responsible for such an enormous amount of cash flow. The NCAA is often compared to a business and a bu... ...a university and playing a sport at the same time was supposed to be easy or profitable. If a law was to pass regarding college athletes receiving money many things would be different in the future. A major concern involves recruiting. Universities allowed to pay players would be able to buy recruits persuading them to attend the school offering the most money. It’s almost like a free agent in professional sports. Attending the school with the most to offer decreases the likelihood of a fair playing ground for all of college athletics. As a result certain schools would be major powerhouses and it would stay this way forever. Although there are some schools considered powerhouses now, the odds of a school with complete domination would be much more likely. Overall if student athletes begin to get paid, collegiate sports will become corrupted.

Book The Problem of Media: U.S. Communication Politics

The book The Problem of Media: U.S. Communication Politics in the Twenty-First Century written by Robert W. McChesney discusses the issue of media Reform. He argues that, â€Å"The Policies, structures, subsidies and institutions that are created to control direct and regulate the media will be responsible for the logic and nature of the media system whether their content is good, bad or a combination, the media therefore presents a political problem for any society, and an unavoidable one at that† (16). He contends that there are two main issues on this problem.   The first problem is the structure that creates the content of the information and the second is the structures themselves.   He believes that the way society makes it decisions on how to structure the system and how it decides to solve this needs reformation.   Debates, he believes, will direct shape and create value to the media system. McChesney writes of how media will exist in all societies.   But their structure and content is determined cultural, economic and political and this determines the amount of solutions each society has to choose from.   In different societies the controlling government decides how this is structured.   He mentions dictatorships and authoritarian regimes will create the type of media that will influence and give him more power and stopping any chance of opposition.   With a democratic society the problem exists between those with power and those with none.   In this society the power is with the media and it is this power that gives a strong support in the building of democracy making media a political tool. The problems with media being a political tool in a democracy, he states is well known.   The foundation of this is that in order to have a democratic society the citizens must be informed and the media is the tool for this.  Ã‚   It is not that the media is to create the democracy but help to make it more effective to members of that society.   The issue in the reform is all about content.   If it is balanced with views that express both sides of the road.   Giving an opposite stand to democracy, equally important for the society members to make choices on how to structure their society and even more important is how media affects economics. Media’s beginning influences were in economics and soon spread to politics.   McChesney believes that, â€Å"In the United States the starting point for grasping the problem with media is seeing where the media fits in the broader capitalistic economic system† (117).   The problem is between the role media has in the profit-making commercial structured organizations and the need for information that deals with information needed for a democracy.   â€Å"It is this tension that fuels much of the social concern around media and media policy making† (17). The author gives great attention to the meaning of problem and how it relates to what is deemed the problem of media.   I thought this to be kind of repetitious because he gives meaning to the word problem often throughout the book.   I thought that maybe he was trying to make a point at how media will take something and give it so many different meanings as he did.   He then goes on to give a history of the media to give the reader a sense of where it was coming from to see where it was going.   Giving a good historical account of the affects of broadcasting in the 1930’s that created the way our society makes media policy. He then moves into an analysis into how media became corrupt, deceitful, and missing ethical bases just within this century.   McChesney believes that the United States has not faced these problems making media a servant to those in society that are self-servant.   These are usually the ones that make any decisions in private such as the media corporations that are driven by profits, ignoring what society needs. â€Å"This system has contributed to a political crisis of the highest magnitude and unless it is confronted directly will severely limit our ability to make progress on any of the other major social and political problems that face the nation† (21).   Media should help to give the society an ability to have informed debates on issues that arise from that society. After reading the book it gave me much to think about, but really no clear solution.   Granted he did talk of reforms but in what sense?   In my opinion reform should come in the way we educate our society.   Now with new technology freedom of speech is a whole new attitude.   Everyone has something to say, whether right or wrong.   I do think there should be some kind of reform, but I’m not sure what kind of reform would be effective.   Education society more on what the meanings of context and content would be more effective than trying to define the problem in multiple ways. I really didn’t understand context or content until I went to college.   It’s pretty simple but applying it everyday wasn’t something I did until college.   Now everything I read or see on television I take with a grain of salt, until I research it a little more I don’t hold it true.   This kind of education needs to be applied in primary learning structures.   This would help greatly with structuring a well informed society. I felt the book was very informative, but difficult to read.   I believe that this would make a very good book for educational structures to use.   It awakened an issue in me that I knew was there, but really didn’t think about too much.   I believe this to be pretty true with much of society.   Just yesterday a friend had mentioned something he had heard on the radio about making young school children in Australia stop sing a Christmas song that used the phrase â€Å"Ho, Ho, Ho† because of the implications of it’s meaning, whore. At first I was shocked and angry but after thinking awhile I first thought, the content wasn’t probably reliable or it was taken totally out of context and if it had to do with a more important issue I would have researched the information to find the truth.   This is why I believe media reformation is something that needs to be addressed but the key to the solution is education. Works Cited: McChesney, Robert W.   The Problem of Media: U.S. Communication Politics in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Twenty-First Century.   New York: Monthly Review Press, 2004.   

Feminist Reading of Hardy’s the Return of the Native

Feminist Reading of Hardy’s The Return of the Native Most of Hardy’s novels or better to say all of them are considered to be modern. In fact, one can notice so many features of modern novels in his fiction. By referring to Robert Schweik’s article (1994) pertaining to the idea that Hardy has influenced so many modern novelists such as D.H. Lawrence, one of the key critics of Hardy novels, chiefly in the notion of feminine and treatment of women which is one of the distinguishing features in his fiction. One can regard this type of treatment of women in Jude the Obscure, the sixth and the last of his major fictions, in a way that Sue, the heroine of the novel, is a liberated, unconventional and broadminded feminine who rebels†¦show more content†¦One can observe how the folk women hate her, that how they talk behind her or also there is almost no conversation between Eustacia and the other female characters throughout the novel. As evidence, there is a scene in the church, exactly the time of Wildeve and Th omasin marriage, â€Å"Susan had pricked Miss. Vye with a long stocking needle† (RN: 149), as a means of her hatred. But, just in opposite, whatever is thought by the folk people is not Hardy’s objective. He attempts to criticize the narrow-mindedness of such people, their counterfeit superstitions particularly religious ones. Using Althusser’s â€Å"Ideology†, here, it is very much pertinent to the social laws, the church and what the â€Å"Fathers† are establishing. By reading closely the chapter called â€Å"Queen of Night†, the mysteries regarding Eustacia is unfolded. The common element in the chapter is the high spirited woman rebelling against the constructions of her prescribed â€Å"woman’s lot† and seeking a life of wider personal freedom than customarily granted to women: â€Å"she had the passions and instincts which make a model goddess, that is, those which make not quite a model woman.† (RN: 55) Through st udying theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of the Causes of Tess’s Tragedies in Tess of the D’urbervilles3739 Words   |  15 Pagesmodernist either notwithstanding the traits of modern innovation as is clearly shown in his major works. Reflected in Hardy’s literary works is the transitional trend from traditional to modern literature, and the inspiration from both inheriting and challenging conventions of nineteenth-century at the same time. Among all his most known novels, Tess of the D’urbervilles is Hardy’s representative masterpiece which serves as a strong demonstration of his perspectives as a thinker and techniques asRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 Pagesliterature. Hence the post colonial literature in India witnessed a revolution against the idiom which the colonial writers followed. Gradually the Indian English authors began employing the techniques of hybrid language, magic realism peppered with native themes. Thus from a post colonial era Indian literature ushered into the modern and then the post-modern era. The saga of the Indian English novel therefore stands as the tale of Changing tradition, the story of a changing India. The stories were

Homeopathy degree-Research Methods module- Evaluation assignment Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Additionally, the mechanism by which the PC remedy actually works is not discussed. As this should be the heart of the matter, it is surprising that Van der Zee’s makes no mention of how medically and biologically the body synthesizes the treatment and works to heal itself from the given malady. Also equally troubling is how remedy is sold. Rather than providing the necessary ingredients to the consumer, even at a noticeable markup, and being forthwith and upfront about the active ingredients; Van der Zee has a system by which someone who suffers from an ailment will contact Van der Zee to buy the code to the ingredients for the PC remedy. Upon receipt of the code, the patient may then bring the code to one of 3 homeopathic compounding pharmacies that Van der Zee has listed on his website as cooperating pharmacies. In short, the whole organization of the cure lends one to be more than somewhat alarmed by the whole process (Stehlin, 1997). Lastly, Van der Zee references  "consistently good results† multiple times when referring to the efficacy of PC1 on ailments such as gonorrhea, AIDs, malaria, and MS; however, the actual raw data, numbers cured, numbers of patients that succumbed to the disease or the treatment, the establishment of any type of control group and or other variables are not mentioned (Grimvall, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Homeopathy degree-Research Methods module- Evaluation assignment or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Additionally, the author may have desired to talk broadly about the applications and uses for homeopathy; yet the pitfall is found when he begins to mix medical postulation with belief without offering supporting evidence (Pope/Mays 1998). As compared with the other similar analysis, the level of literature cited and referenced by van der Zee is not what would be considered admissible for a scientific study (Singh, 1999).

Instructions For Selecting Appropriate Words - 919 Words

Chapter 4 Summary 1. Selecting Appropriate Words a. As you being to write a memo, letter, etc., it is important to reminder yourself who your audience will be. i. Use words that will be familiar to your audiences. 1. In order to communicate effectively to an audience, you should use words that the audience is familiar with. ii. Aim to use short words. 1. In the book, Business Communication, authors Kathryn Rentz and Paula Lentz explain that, â€Å"short words tend to be familiar words† and that the â€Å"heavy use of long words†¦creates an impression of difficulty† even if the long words are understandable. (Rentz) iii. Use slang and popular clichà ©s with caution 1. Although slangs and clichà ©s could make you sound credible with other business†¦show more content†¦ii. Avoid words that stereotype by race, nationality, or sexual orientation. 1. Stereotypes against race, nationally, and sexual orientation is typically negative. When writing, remember to treat everyone as equals. iii. Avoid words that stereotype by age. iv. Avoid words that typecast those with disabilities. 3. Writing Clear Sentences a. When writing, remember to write in clear sentences. i. Limit sentence content. 1. People typically prefer a simple sentence over a complex sentence. That is not to say that sometimes a sentence may need to be longer to demonstrate a point. ii. Economize on Words 1. When writing, try to effectively express your point in as few words as possible. 4. Writing Clear Paragraphs a. Writing clear sentences will lead to writing clear paragraphs. Using paragraphs will help readers understand the flow of your writing. i. Give paragraphs unity. 1. For each paragraph you write, stick to a single topic for unity and clarity. ii. Keep paragraphs short. 1. Like sentences, try to keep your paragraphs short. That is not to say that occasionally it might be necessary to have long paragraphs, it depends on the main idea of the paragraph. A good rule of thumb is to keep paragraphs to eight sentences in length. iii. Leave out unnecessary details. 1. Be sure to only include information that is relevant to a paragraph. iv. Make paragraphs coherent. 1. When you are finished with writing aShow MoreRelatedWhat And Who Were The Sources For The Information That You Gathered?1610 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the last 3 years. I gathered information about my students’ writing which was from grade level meetings, that I participated in, with colleagues to analyze my student writing to determine how well they were applying previously taught vocabulary words to write. I gathered information from notes that recorded the conversations that took place at these meetings regarding my students’ limited vocabulary use in their writing. I gathered information from observational rubrics I used to score students’Read MoreSelecting Appropriate Books For Children1596 Words   |  7 PagesSelecting Appropriate Books for Children As children interact with their environment and the people around them, their linguistic, cognitive, social, and emotional abilities develop further. Through these interactions, children construct knowledge by organizing and classifying the new knowledge based on prior learning experiences (Brown, Lee, 2012). Vygotsky believed social interactions influence both intellectual and language development, and he identified social interactions as the key methodRead MoreLiteracy Core Reading Program Evaluation And Analysis1545 Words   |  7 Pagesrich pictures, and descriptive language, that are age appropriate. The books are also chosen to represent diverse cultural backgrounds. Word Study Instruction Creative Curriculum introduces about 15 vocabulary words a week. Each day the vocabulary is introduced during large group, read aloud, or small group time. As the week progresses, new vocabulary is added, and the previous words are reviewed. I rate their word study instruction a 3 out of 5, as they don’t offer any ideas of creativeRead MoreInstructional Methodology : Picture Exchange Communication System Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagesreinforcers are more powerful than social rewards. PECS helps children with ASD learn to approach adults and peers in socially appropriate ways. As the therapy goes on, the child can develop whole sentences. For example, a child could choose a picture symbolizing â€Å"I want† (words are also included) and â€Å"outside† mean that the child wants to go outside. The therapist will model the words and, in many instances, the child will verbally imitate the therapist. As mandated under the Assistive Technology Act ofRead MoreNotes On A Poem Unwritten1139 Words   |  5 PagesPortfolio Instructions A poem unwritten is only a thought; unshared, unsaid— still less . . . for naught. Dwayne Donkersgoed â€Å"A Poem Unwritten† In the previous lessons you analyzed poetry; and you composed different types of poetry using various elements and devices. In this portfolio you will gather your best poetry to create a portfolio. You will submit this along with a poetry analysis for instructor review. Create A Poetry Portfolio Selecting Poetry for Your Portfolio Select two poemsRead MoreRationale Scheme of Work1076 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities. Prior learning experiences have the potential to enhance or interfere with new learning. The recap will be in the form of a quiz, where Reece Walker (2006) explains how we may be using words that create barriers in learning. We must avoid using male dominated language for example words like craftsman should be changed to craft worker and manpower should be replaced with workforce and also using ‘they’ instead of ‘him/her’. Petty (2009) focuses on this along with the role of a teacherRead MoreDifference Between Validity And Reliability988 Words   |  4 Pageslearning. 2. According to your textbook, what are the five classroom Assessment Competencies. Please list and describe each one. I. Clear purpose- Clear purpose means that the results and process of an assessment serves a purpose that is clear and appropriate. The way to complete a clear purpose is to identify who are the main people using the classroom assessment information and know what the needs of the information are. It is also important to understand formative and summative assessment uses. ThereRead MoreThe Importance Of Instruction For Students With Or Without Disabilities1106 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating instruction is used to address the diverse instructional needs of students with or without disabilities (Friend Bursack, 2015). It forms a bridge from the content to the learner in four dimensions; content, process, product and learning environment (Tomlinson, 2000). Tomlinson (2008) stated that differentiating instruction calls for teachers to have â€Å"clear learning goals†¦ [that are] crafted to ensure students engagement and understanding† (pg. 27). In differentiated instru ction, teachersRead MoreComm 215 Syllabus Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pages |Due |Points | |Objectives |Apply appropriate rhetorical strategies to a persuasive essay. |Aug. 30, 2011 | | | |Utilize different types of writing styles as appropriate for mood and point of view. | | | |Readings |Read â€Å"Developing a Preliminary Thesis† inRead MoreCritical Instructional Components For Helping Students Learn1434 Words   |  6 Pagesis a central concern in education and society today is associated to a â€Å"word gap† that begins early in life. Hart and Risley (1995) identified in their seminal study that by the age of four, children from low-income families hear 30 million less words than their peers from professional families. Although there are some researchers that disagree with the root cause of the achievement gap being due to the sheer number of words a child hears in their first three years of life (see Johnson, 2015), vocabulary

Current Harmonic Compensation and Power Factor.Docx free essay sample

Current Harmonic Compensation and Power Factor Improvement by Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter ABSTRACT In this paper the current harmonic can be compensated by using the Shunt Active Power Filter, Passive Power Filter and the combination of both. The system has the function of voltage stability, and harmonic suppression. The reference current can be calculated by dq transformation. An improved generalized integrator control was proposed to improve the performance of APF. The simulation results of the non- linear systems have been carried out with MATLAB 7. 6. 1. INTRODUCTION The growing use of electronic equipment produces a large mount of harmonics in the power distribution systems because of non-sinusoidal currents consumed by non-linear loads. Some of the examples for non-linear loads are diode-rectifiers, thyristor converters, adjustable speed drives, furnaces, computer power supplies, uninterruptible power supplies, etc. Even though these devices are economical, flexible and en ergy efficient, they may degrade power quality by creating harmonic currents and consuming excessive reactive power. The above phenomena can cause many problems such as resonance, excessive neural currents, low power factor etc. Harmonic distortion in power distribution ystems can be suppressed using two approaches namely, passive and active powering. The passive filtering is the simplest conventional solution to mitigate the harmonic distortion. Although simple, the use passive elements do not always respond correctly to the dynamics of the power distribution systems. Over the years, these passive filters have developed to high level of sophistication. Some even tuned to bypass specific harmonic frequencies. Conventional passive filters consist of inductance, capacitance, and resistance elements configured and tuned to control the harmonics. The singletuned â€Å"notch† filter is the most common and economical ype of passive filter. The notch filter is connected in shunt with the power distribution system and is series-tuned to present low impedance to a particular harmonic current. Thus, harmonic currents are diverted from their normal flow path through the filter. Another popular type of passive filter is the high-pass filter (HPF). Passive LC filters are generally used to reduce these problems, but they have many de-merits such as its being bulk and heavy, and its resonance, tuning problem, fixed compensation, noise, increased losses, etc. On the contrary, the APF can solve the aforementioned problems and is often used to ompensate current harmonics and low power factor that is caused by non-linear loads. In an APF connection, it was roughly classified as in series (series APF) and in parallel (shunt APF). In this paper the combination of both passive power filter and Active power filter can be implemented to suppress the harmonics. 2. CONFIGURATION OF THE SYSTEM Fig. 1 shows a proposed system consisting of a Shunt active power filter and Passive filter. The purpose of using this combined system is to reduce the harmonics effectively. The power factor also improve d by using the combined system. Figure 1 Combination of shunt active filter and passive ilter The main circuit of the active filter is the PWM inverter using IGBT. The PWM inverter has a dc capacitance of 2000 ? F. 3. SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER 3. 1. Control Circuit of Shunt Active FilterThe overall control circuit of shunt active filter is shown in Figure 2 The Reference current is calculated by abc to dq transformation technique. The output of the reference current calculation in compared with the output of the shunt active filter, the error signal is given to the Improved Generalized integrator controller (IGIC). The pulses can be generated using PWM generator and given to the inverter to produce the compensating current. Figure 2 Overall control circuit of SAPF International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4 – No. 3, July 2010 10 3. 2 Reference Current Calculation The reference current can be calculated using the dq transformation technique. The load current is given to the abc to dq transformation module. The output is given to the block which is given by (1) The simulation diagram for reference current calculation is shown in Figure 3 The input of the reference current calculator is the load current. The load current is the combination of the harmonic current and the fundamental current. But the output of the reference urrent calculator is the fundamental current. Figure 3 Reference current calculation 3. 3 Improved generalised Integrator controller An improved generalized integrator control (IGIC) was proposed to increase the performance of harmonic suppression. IGIC is a PI controller used to eliminate error between the filter current and the harmonic current. It consists of several PI controller. Each controller is tuned to reduce the particular harmonics. The structure of Improved Generalized Integrator Controller (IGIC) is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 PI controller using the stationary-frame generalized integrators. SIMULATION RESULTS The simulation results are compared with the control method of Passive Power Filter, Active Power Filter and the combination of Passive Power Filter and Active Power Filter. 4. 1 Results For passive Power Filter The simulation diagram with Passive Power Filter is shown in Figure 4. The diagram consists of the source, non-linear load and Passive Power Filter Figure 4 Simulation diagram with PPF Figure 5 shows the waveform of supply current before compensation. It consist of fundamental current as well as the harmonic current due to the non-linear load Figure 5 Supply current waveform –before compensation Figure 6 Spectrum analysis of supply current-Before compensation Fig. 6 shows the spectrum analysis of supply current before compensation. The Total Harmonic Distortion of the Time(s) Amplitude [A] A] Harmonic order THD = 30. 44% 20 0 Mag [% of fundamental] International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4 – No. 3, July 2010 11 supply current is 30. 44%. Figure 7 shows the waveform of supply current after compensation. It consist of fundamental current only. The harmonic current present in the supply current is eleminated by using the Passive Power Filter. Figure 7 Supply current waveform –after compensation sing PPF Figure 8 shows the spectrum analysis of supply current after compensation. The Total Harmonic Distortion of the supply current is reduced to 4. 10% from 30. 44%. Figure 8 Spectrum analysis of supply current- after compensation using PPF 4. 2 Results For Shunt Active Power Filter The simulation diagram with shunt Active Power Filte r is shown in Figure 9. The diagram consists of the source, non-linear load, shunt Active Power Filter and its control circuit. Figure 9 Simulation diagram with SAPF Figure 10 shows the waveform of supply current after compensation. It consist of fundamental current only. The harmonic current present in the supply current is eleminated by using the Shunt Active Power Filter. The distortion present in the supply current is reduced when compared to PPF compensation Figure 10 Supply current waveform –after compensation using SAPF Figure 11 shows the spectrum analysis of supply current after compensation. The Total Harmonic Distortion of the supply current is reduced to 4. 85% from 30. 44% . Figure 11 Spectrum analysis of supply current- after compensation using SAPF 4. 3 Results For the combination of shunt Active Power Filter and Passive Power Filter The simulation diagram with shunt Active Power Filter nd PPF is shown in Fig. 12. The diagram consists of the source, non-linear load, Passive Power Filter, shunt Active Power Filter and its control circuit. Figure 12 simulation diagram with SAPF and PPF Harmonic order THD = 4. 96% 2. 5 0 Time(s) Time(s) Amplitude [A] Harmonic order THD = 4. 85% 3. 5 0 Mag [% of fundamental] Mag [% of fundamental] In ternational Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4 – No. 3, July 2010 12 Figure 13 shows the waveform of supply current after compensation. The waveform is more sinusoidal when compared to other two techniques. Figure 13 Supply current waveform –after ompensation using SAPF and PPF Figure 14 shows the spectrum analysis of supply current after compensation. The Total Harmonic Distortion of the supply current is reduced to 1. 95% from 30. 44% Figure 14 Spectrum analysis of supply current- after compensation uing SAPF and PPF 4. 4 Comparison of Results The numarical values of the harmonics are listed in table 1. The comparisons are made between before compensation, Shunt Active Filter and the combination of Shunt Active Power Filter and Shunt passive Filter. Table 1. Comparison of % of harmonics Harmonic order % of harmonics Before Compensation SAPF SAPF + PPF 3rd 4. 79 0. 70 0. 35 th 18. 91 3. 28 0. 96 7th 14. 24 2. 56 1. 10 9th 1. 16 0. 89 0. 74 11th 1. 66 1. 33 0. 11 13th 7. 75 1. 34 0. 45 Table 1 shows the comparison chart of harmonic order. The % of harmonics can be reduced in the combination of Shunt Active Filter and Passive Power Filter when compared to Passive Power Filter alone. For the comparison only even order harmonics only considered. The graphical representation of the values are shown in fig. 15. Figure 15 Graphical representation of harmonic order Table 2 shows the % of THD of PPF, SAPF and the combination of SAPF and PPF. When compared to all methods the % of THD can be reduced to1. 95% by the ombination of the two methods. Table 2. Comparison of % of THD SYSTEM % of THD Before compensation 30. 44 Passive Power Filter 4. 96 Shunt Active Power Filter 4. 85 Combination of Shunt Active power Filter and Passive power Filter 1. 95 Table 3. Comparison of Power factor SYSTEM POWER FACTOR Passive Power Filter 0. 9218 Shunt Active Power Filter 0. 9547 Combination of Shunt Active power Filter and Passive 0. 9554 Time (s) Amplitude [A] Harmonic order THD = 1. 95% 1. 2 0 Mag [% of fundamental] International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4 – No. 3, July 2010 13 power Filter As listed in table 3 the power factor also mproved to 0. 9554 when compared to other two methods. Table 4. System parameters SYSTEM PARAMETERS VALUES Source impedance R=0. 5 ohm L=1 mH Load R=10. 6 ohm L=58. 2 mH PPF C= 625 ? F L= 20. 17 mH SAPF R=0. 001 ohm L=3. 5mH Table 4 gives the system parameters of the simulation system. 5. CONCLUSION The system of Passive power Filter, Shunt Active Power Filter and the combination of Passive power Filter and Shunt Active Power Filter is proposed in this work. Improved generalised Integrator controller is proposed here. When compared to the three methods the combination of Passive power Filter and Shunt Active Power Filter is efficient for harmonic suppression and power factor improvement. By this method the % of THD can be reduced to 1. 95 and the power factor is increased to 0. 9554. 6. REFERENCES [1] An Luo, Zhikang Shuai, Wenji Zhu, and Z. John Shen,† Combined System for Harmonic Suppression and Reactive Power Compensation† IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, no. 2, February 2009. [2] C. K. Duffey and R. P. Stratford, Update of Harmonic Standard IEEE-5 19: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Supply Systems. IEEE Trans. IAS, pp. 1025-1034, Nov/Dec. 1989. [3] J. -C. Wu, H. -L. Jou, and Y. -T. Feng, â€Å"Novel circuit topology for three-phase active Power filter,† IEEE Trans. Power Del. , vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 444–449, Jan. 2007. [4] S Z. Shuai, A. Luo, R. Fan et al, â€Å"Injection branch design of injection type hybrid active power filter,† Autom. Elect. Power Syst. , vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 57–60, Jun. 2007 [5] M. H. Abdel-Rahman, F. M. H. Youssef, and A. A. Saber, â€Å"New static var compensator control strategy and coordination with under-load tap changer,† IEEE Trans. Power Del. , vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1630–1635 Jul. 2006 [6] X. Yuan, W. Merk, H. Stemmler et al. , Stationaryframe generalized integrators for current control of ctive power filters with zero steady-state error for current harmonics of concern under unbalanced and distorted operating conditions,† IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. , vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 523–532, Mar. /Apr. 2002. [7] Q . Tan,W. Li, L. Chang, and H. Huang, â€Å"A hybrid neuro-fuzzy syst em For robot control,† in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Intell. Syst. 21st Century, 1995, pp. 2916–2921. [8] Z. Chengyong, L. Xiangdong, and L. Guangkai, â€Å"Parameters Optimization of VSC-HVDC control system based on simplex algorithm,† in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. General Meeting, 2007, pp. 1–7. [9] C. K. Duffey and R. P. Stratford, Update of Harmonic Standard IEEE-519: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Supply Systems. IEEE Trans. IAS, pp. 1025- 1034, Nov/Dec. 1989. [10] Hirofumi Akagi, Fellow,. â€Å"New trends in active filter for power conditioning†, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, Vol 32, no6. November/December 1996. [11] K. -K. Shyu, M. -J. Yang, Y. -M. Chen, and Y. -F. Lin, â€Å"Model reference adaptive control design for a shunt active-power-filter system,† IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. , vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 97–106, Jan. 2008. [12] L. Malesani, L. Rossetto, and P. Tenti, â€Å"Active filter for reactive power and harmonics compensation,†in Proc. IEEE PESC’86, 1986, pp. 321–330. [13] T. 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Organizational Design Article Analysis

In her article, Sheila Creth highlights the importance of a networked organization, particularly in the modern higher education environment. She notes that there is need for organizations to maximally utilize their members of staff to successfully run the operations. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Design Article Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creth gives an example of networking between libraries and information technology services for a progressive transition to the future. The article further argues that the first decade of the 21st century was to be a challenging period for colleges and universities in their quest to review the mission and services without compromising the quality of services and traditions. In the process of redesigning the organizations, according to Creth, administrators will be expected to make tough decisions when it comes to strategic planning and re source allocation. Creth emphasizes the fact that administrators in nonacademic core operations like information technology services and libraries are the most affected by the changes compared with their academic counterparts. Several approaches that can be used by the administrators are identified by the author and recommended for use in addressing the challenges. She observes that how the administrators choose to run their organizations is crucial for effective utilization of available resources. The peculiar experiences of a given organization play a central role in the selection of a particular design. However, general trends of redesigning organizations especially in higher education are highlighted by the author. According to the author, organizational culture is very influential in the design of any given organization. These include the peculiar characteristics and traditions that define the organization. She suggests, and I strongly agree with her, that administrators and s takeholders should consider the structures and processes that promise to work within the local organizational environment. The next consideration for the administrators is organization structure and processes. Organization structure refers to how the various responsibilities are assigned to the various units and departments with an aim of accomplishing given tasks. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, organization processes involve the understanding of interactions, relationships, knowledge, and experiences among people in an organization. The human component in organization processes distinguishes it from organization structure. However, according to the author, they are closely related trends crucial in ensuring effective organization design. Organization processes aim to foster a process of team work through enhancing responsiveness and vitality in a given organization. Despite individual differences in opinion and philosophy, people in an organization are expected to cultivate a team process that will keep the organization operating at its best and in line with stated goals. This will greatly determine the future design of any given organization. Another crucial trend in an organization identified by Creth is networking. Networked organizations promote effective working relationships among the components of an organization; structure and processes. People in different units and departments are expected to interact freely as they share their relevant expertise. Through this trend, many organizations have become highly decentralized in most of its operations and decision making. The author identifies the requirements in a networked organization like personal discipline, good communication skills and spirit of teamwork. With the current advancement in information, communication and technology, I concur with Creth that thes e are crucial characteristics that will help transform organizations and design them for the better. It is apparent that there is need to consider organizational design as a way of attaining significant developments in productivity as well as the quality of services rendered by any given organization. This is because organization design is the best way towards addressing and overcoming the challenges that may be experienced. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Design Article Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organization design will go a long way in facilitating the quest for new, timelier, and high quality services, as well as in the production of new products. The future of organizational design, if well managed, is bright and will result in increased efficiency in productivity and fulfillment of stated mission. This research paper on Organizational Design Article Analysis was written and submitted by user Pastel Parr0t to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.